An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force:
Iw your friend is standing still, and you will push him you will be demonstrating newtons first law. Your friend would be the balanced force because she would be standing still.
2.every action has an equal and opposite reaction
If you kick a ball your foot will hit it, and send the ball traveling, so it will have the opposite reaction as to kicking it.
The notebook was pushed lighter so it didn't travel far :
The notebook was pushed harder, so it traveled further:
If you kick the ball lightly it wont trAvel as far as it would if you would kick it lightly.